Cancer is a prevalent health concern among older adults, and its impact extends beyond physical health to include significant psychological and emotional distress. Depression and anxiety are common in older cancer patients, often exacerbated by factors such as treatment side effects, uncertainty about prognosis, and social isolation.
Given the growing interest in non-pharmacological interventions to improve mental health outcomes, exercise has emerged as a promising strategy. Physical activity is increasingly recognized for its role in alleviating symptoms of depression and anxiety while enhancing overall quality of life (QoL) in this population.
The Link Between Exercise and Mental Health in Older Cancer Patients
The physiological and psychological benefits of exercise are well-documented. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety by promoting the release of endorphins and neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine, which play key roles in mood regulation. Moreover, exercise helps counteract cancer-related fatigue, a common side effect of treatment that often contributes to emotional distress.
Older cancer patients face unique challenges that may contribute to psychological distress. Cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery can lead to physical deconditioning, reduced mobility, and chronic pain, all of which can negatively affect mental well-being. Exercise interventions tailored to this population can help mitigate these effects by improving physical function, reducing inflammation, and fostering a sense of control over one’s health.
Types of Exercise Interventions
Several types of exercise interventions have been studied in older adults with cancer, with promising results for mental health and quality of life. These include aerobic exercise, resistance training, yoga, and mind-body exercises such as tai chi.
1. Aerobic Exercise
Activities such as walking, cycling, and swimming have been shown to reduce depressive symptoms and improve overall mood in older adults with cancer. Aerobic exercise enhances cardiovascular health, increases oxygen supply to the brain, and promotes neuroplasticity, which may help combat cognitive decline associated with both aging and cancer treatment.
2. Resistance Training
Strength training exercises using weights or resistance bands help preserve muscle mass and strength, which are often compromised in cancer patients. Studies have shown that resistance training can significantly improve self-esteem, reduce anxiety, and enhance the ability to perform daily activities, all of which contribute to better QoL.
3. Yoga and Mind-Body Exercises
Yoga, tai chi, and qigong incorporate physical movement with mindfulness and deep breathing techniques. These interventions have been linked to reductions in stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in older cancer patients. Yoga has been found to improve sleep quality, which is often disrupted in individuals undergoing cancer treatment.
Effects on Quality of Life
Beyond addressing depression and anxiety, exercise plays a crucial role in improving overall QoL in older cancer patients. Studies indicate that regular physical activity enhances energy levels, promotes better sleep, and improves social engagement. Additionally, participating in group-based exercise programs fosters social connections, reducing feelings of loneliness and isolation that are common in older adults with cancer.
Conclusion
Exercise is a powerful intervention for improving mental health and QoL in older adults with cancer. By reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety and enhancing overall well-being, tailored exercise programs can provide a holistic approach to cancer care.
Future research should focus on optimizing exercise prescriptions to maximize benefits while considering the specific needs and limitations of this population.
Reference
Here is the reference for a JAMA Network Open Access-Psychiatry article entitled:
“Exercise Interventions for Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
This article provides a scientific overview of the issues discussed in this blog:
JAMA Network Open. 2025;8(2):e2457859. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.57859
